职称英语
职称英语考试技巧有哪些?
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  • 2017-09-30 08:26
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  • 2017-09-30 08:59
一、结合记忆法   将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:   slope   n.① 倾斜;坡度;斜度   There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。   ② 斜面;斜坡   We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。   vi. 倾斜   The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。   critical   adj.① 批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的   I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。   ② 紧要的,关键的;危急的   His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。   通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。   二、同类记忆法   将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记,效果会比较好。   注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。例如:headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;“president”和“chancellor”是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长"”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。   再如,bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor(博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。   这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。   三、比较记忆法   把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。   例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. started   B. finished   C. changed   D. made   答案:B   例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. largely   B. possibly   C. just   D. rarely   答案:C   四、构词法记忆法   通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:   1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:   picture(n)画——picture(v)描绘   water(n)水——water(v)浇水   例题1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. behavior   B. style   C. mode   D. attitude   答案:A   解释:   cnduct(v.)引导,管理,为人,传导   cnduct (n.)操守,行为   cnductor(n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等   例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. suffer   B. accept   C. receive   D. endure   答案:D   解释:   bear(n.)熊   bear(v.)负担,忍受,带给,具有,挤   2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:   happy → unhappy(加前缀)happiness(加后缀)   例题1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. promote   B. paint   C. polish   D. produce   答案:D   例题2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. mental   B. physical   C. natural   D. hard   答案:B   man-、manu- = hand   manage(管理)、manual(体力的,手册)、manuscript(手写稿)、manufacture(生产)、manumit(释放);   例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. every year   B. severely   C. actively   D. every month   答案:A   ann= year   anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(编年史)、annuity(年金)   3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:   wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)   pea(豌豆)nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)   例题1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. judgement   B. result   C. decision   D. event   答案:B   五、根义记忆法   利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。   比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段:   a)The woman walks immediately behind the car.   b)She is my immediate neighbor.   c)the immediate cause   若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义:中间没有间隔(地)   1)(时间)立刻;   2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟,   3)(关系)直接   例题1:He will leave immediately. (2005职称英语用书)   A. far away   B. right away   C. right here   D. soon   答案:B   例题2:Can you follow the plot?(2003年职称英语卫生类C级)   A. change   B. investigate   C. understand   D. write   答案:C   请看下面几句中的“follow”分别都是什么意思?   She went into the building, followed by a group of students.   The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.   I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.   六、容易混淆词的特别记忆   (1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow; pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.   We had an early breakfast.(形容词)   We went by a fast train.(形容词)   We had breakfast early.(副词)   Don't speak so fast.(副词)   (2)有些形容词变为副词,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不过在字义上不同。   (A)easy “安适地”;easily “容易地”:   Stand easy!   He's not easily satisfied.   (B)clear ( = completely “完全地“;clearly“显然地”)   The bullet went clear through the door.   The thieves got clearly away.   (C)high “高”;highly “很、非”;   The birds are flying high.   He was highly praised for his work.   (D)slow和slowly当副词时同义,但slow比slowly语气强。   I told the driver to go slow(er).   Drive slowly round these bends in the road.   (E)hard“辛苦地“;hardly“几乎不”   He works hard.(= He is a hard worker.)   He hardly does anything nowadays.(= He does very little nowadays.)   (F)just“刚才;仅”;justly“公正地”   I've just seen him.   He was justly punished.   (G)late“迟”;lately(= recently)“最近地”   He went to bed late.   I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.   (H)pretty(= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”;   prettily(= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”   The situation seems pretty hopeless.   She was prettily dressed.